What typically causes muscle cramps?

Muscle cramps are often primarily caused by dehydration and fatigue, which can lead to an imbalance of electrolytes in the body. When muscles do not have enough fluids or electrolytes—such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium—they may not function properly, leading to involuntary contractions or cramps. Fatigue, particularly from prolonged physical activity, can increase the likelihood of cramping since tired muscles are more susceptible to spasms.

While inadequate nutrition can contribute to muscle cramps by affecting electrolyte levels, the most immediate and direct causes are usually related to dehydration and fatigue. Other factors like excessive flexibility and low muscle tone are less directly linked to the occurrence of cramps compared to the well-documented effects of dehydration and muscle fatigue. Therefore, recognizing hydration and proper rest as preventive measures is critical in mitigating the risk of muscular cramps during exercise or strenuous activities.