What is the main purpose of the luteal phase?

The luteal phase plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, primarily focused on preparing the uterus for the potential implantation of a fertilized egg. After ovulation, the remaining cells of the ruptured follicle transform into the corpus luteum, which produces hormones, particularly progesterone. This hormone is vital for thickening the uterine lining (endometrium) and making it receptive to an embryo.

In essence, the luteal phase ensures that if fertilization occurs, the environment within the uterus is optimal for implantation and supporting early pregnancy. If implantation does not occur, the corpus luteum degrades, leading to a decrease in progesterone, ultimately resulting in the shedding of the uterine lining in the next menstrual period.

This specific focus of the luteal phase highlights its importance in reproduction, contrasting with other phases of the menstrual cycle that serve different functions, such as stimulating follicle growth or maturing the ovaries.