What is the focus of gastroenterology?

Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine that centers on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes organs such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. This specialty encompasses a wide range of conditions, including but not limited to acid reflux, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, liver diseases such as hepatitis, and cancers of the GI tract.

Understanding the complexity and the importance of the GI system in overall health highlights why diseases concerning this system are the primary focus of gastroenterology. The comprehensive nature of this field makes it vital for addressing various digestive issues that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. The other options—heart disorders, respiratory diseases, and nervous system disorders—fall under different medical specialties, further establishing that option C is indeed the correct focus of gastroenterology.