What happens during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the primary focus is on preparing the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. After ovulation occurs, the ruptured follicle transforms into a structure known as the corpus luteum, which secretes hormones, particularly progesterone and some estrogen. These hormones create a thickened, nutrient-rich lining in the uterus, making it suitable for a fertilized egg to implant if fertilization has taken place.

If fertilization occurs, the hormones from the corpus luteum support early pregnancy. If fertilization does not happen, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decrease in progesterone levels, which subsequently triggers the shedding of the uterine lining in menstruation.

In contrast, releasing multiple eggs occurs during the follicular phase, while the menstrual cycle starts at the beginning of menstruation, and the follicles dissolving pertains to the phase when the egg is not fertilized. Therefore, the accurate scenario during the luteal phase is the uterus preparing for a fertilized egg, aligning well with the given answer.