What does allergology specifically study?

Allergology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of allergies and hypersensitivity reactions. This field encompasses various immune responses that the body has to substances that are typically harmless, which can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild (such as sneezing and itching) to severe (like anaphylaxis). It involves understanding the mechanisms of the immune system in response to allergens, identifying these triggers, and developing strategies for prevention and treatment.

While skin conditions, respiratory issues, and digestive diseases can be related to allergic reactions, they are not the sole focus of allergology. For example, allergic rhinitis (a respiratory issue) and eczema (a skin condition) may both fall under the scope of allergology, but the core principle is centered on hypersensitivity reactions – how the immune system erroneously reacts to otherwise benign substances. Hence, the study of hypersensitivity reactions forms the foundation of allergology, making this choice the most appropriate among the options provided.